Abstract
In Affleck-Dine baryogenesis, the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe is generated through the evolution of the vacuum expectation value of a scalar condensate. This scalar condensate generically fragments into nontopological solitons (Q balls). If they are sufficiently long-lived, they lead to an early matter domination epoch, which enhances the primordial gravitational wave signal for modes that enter the horizon during this epoch. The sudden decay of the Q balls results in a rapid transition from matter to radiation domination, producing a sharp peak in the gravitational wave power spectrum. Avoiding the gravitino over-abundance problem favors scenarios where the peak frequency of the resonance is within the range of the Einstein telescope and/or DECIGO. This observable signal provides a mechanism to test Affleck-Dine baryogenesis.
Highlights
The asymmetry between matter and antimatter is a cornerstone puzzle of modern particle cosmology, as the standard model fails to provide an explanation [1,2,3]
A scalar condensate generically develops in these directions, whose nonzero vacuum expectation value (VEV) spontaneously breaks C and CP
At the end of inflation, a baryon and/or lepton asymmetry is generated as the VEV coherently evolves and the condensate fragments [8]
Summary
The asymmetry between matter and antimatter is a cornerstone puzzle of modern particle cosmology, as the standard model fails to provide an explanation [1,2,3]. In this Letter, we argue that a broad class of Affleck-Dine models significantly enhance the primordial gravitational wave power spectrum. Q balls produced through the fragmentation of the Affleck-Dine condensate are large and long-lived.
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