Abstract
In this report, a hand-held impulse-radar breast cancer detector is presented and the detectability of malignant breast tumors is demonstrated in the clinical test at Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. The core functional parts of the detector consist of 65-nm technology complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits covering the ultrawideband width from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, which enable the generation and transmission of Gaussian monocycle pulse (GMP) with the pulse width of 160 ps and single port eight throw (SP8T) switching matrices for controlling the combination of 4 × 4 cross-shaped dome antenna array. The detector is designed to be placed on the breast with the patient in the supine position. The detectability of malignant tumors is confirmed in excised breast tissues after total mastectomy surgery. The three-dimensional positions of the tumors in the imaging results are consistent with the results of histopathology analysis. The clinical tests are conducted by a clinical doctor for five patients at the hospital. The malignant tumors include invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The final confocal imaging results are consistent with those of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), demonstrating the feasibility of the hand-held impulse-radar detector for malignant breast tumors.
Highlights
In clinical diagnosis, X-ray mammography is one of the most commonly used techniques for mass health examinations of breast cancers
The synthesized short pulse is formed based on step frequency continuous wave (SFCW) method using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and the antennas are stimulated in turn
When the target size is 5 × 5 × 5 mm[3], the corresponding imaging result is shown in Fig. 5(f) and the estimated position is (76, 64, 23) which is in accordance with the real one
Summary
Hang Song 1, Shinsuke Sasada 2,3, Takayuki Kadoya[2,3], Morihito Okada[2,3], Koji Arihiro[4], Xia Xiao5 & Takamaro Kikkawa[1]. Signals are recorded by changing the antenna position and similar to the multi-static approach, the DAS algorithm is used for image generation This system has been applied to several patients and encouraging results were reported[30]. We have developed the essential modules for microwave imaging They are the pulse generator, switching matrix and sampling module using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits[37,38,39,40,41]. We present a new hand-held version of the prototype detector aiming at clinical use In this new prototype, a cross-shaped dome antenna array is designed for covering human breast enabling application in clinical trials. The circuit block and the dome antenna array are rotated together, avoiding the coaxial cables being twisted which may result in a large variation of the received signals. The averaging method is utilized to extract the target signal[43]
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