Detect the Amount of CD4+ Foxp3+ T-regulatory (Treg) Cell in Iraqi Patients with Behcet’s Disease

Abstract

Background:- Behcet’s disease (BD) (beh-CHETS) disease also called Behcet’s syndrome. Characterized by urogenital ulcers, populopustular and erythema nodosum like skin lesion, uveitis, retinal vasculitis, thrombophlebitis, arterial aneurysms, and arthritis. Treg cells, whose primary roles are to reduce inflammation and decrease effector T cells, aid in maintaining the proper ratio between immunity and auto tolerance. The expression of CD4 + /CD25 + /Foxp3 + mostly identified them. Objective: To detected the amount of CD4 + Foxp3 + Treg cells in BD patients and to asses their correlation to disease activity. Patients and methods: This study was applied on 60 patients with BD compared to 30 healthy group as control group from December 2020 to the end of May 2021. Their blood samples were collected to investigate blood concentrations of CD4 + marker and Foxp3 + Treg by using flow cytometer technique. Results: The (median) of CD4 + Tcells percentage for the patient group was 10.9%, significantly higher than that of the control group 8.30% ranged (0.80–17.30). While there was a highly significant increase in the (median) 26.20% of CD4 + Foxp3 + Tcells in the patients group in comparison with the control group median (4.65%). The Treg cells determined by the proportion of CD4 + Foxp3 + in all CD4 + Tcells showed a significant increase in the (median) for patient group (10.80% ) if compared with the control group (8.50% ) (p=0.045). A significant decrease CD4 + in monocyte was detected in patient group (8.50%) in comparison to control group (12.70%)(p=0.003). Conclusion: Patients with BD had more CD4 + , Foxp3 + Treg cells than the control group did. Monocyte levels were lower in BD patients. There was a link between disease activity and Treg concentration.