Detección de metabolitos secundarios en Ambrosia peruviana Willd y determinación de la actividad antibacteriana y antihelmíntica

Abstract

Ambrosia peruviana has been reported as an anti-infective and anti-parasitic plant in the ethno-pharmacological environment. Given the high rates of bacterial and parasitic resistance against commercial drugs recorded, we performed the preliminary phytochemical screening following Sanabria's method and biological tests against clinical bacterial isolates, dog parasites, and Artemia salina.Cytotoxicity tests in Artemia salina were carried out by exposing adults to extracts of varied concentrations. The antibacterial activity was performed using the disk diffusion method and CIM. Toxocara canis nematodes were kept in Ringer's lactate supplemented with 10% RPMI and 1X ATM. The embryo generation percentage of eggs released into the culture medium was evaluated adding ethanol and aqueous extracts of dried A. peruviana. The tests of A. peruviana against helminths were performed by immersing adults in a medium supplemented with dried ethanol extract (at various concentrations) and fractions rich in alkaloids.Phytochemical screening allowed preliminary identification of alkaloids, cardiotonic glucosides, quinones, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins and saponins. The LC50 for dry ethanol extract was 64.2μg/ml, while for the aqueous extract was 840.4μg/ml. The extracts did not show antibacterial activity. T. canis adults showed motility decrease against dried extracts, not so in alkaloid fraction where they died after a 4h exposure. The use of extracts from A. Peruviana over Toxocara canis eggs caused a decrease in the percentage of embryo generation, which did not depend on the extract observed but on the concentration used.