Abstract
Energy consumption in the building sector has been continuously increasing, and energy conservation in this sector has become critical for achieving the national goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In South Korea, information on energy sources (electricity, gas, district heating, etc.) is provided, but detailed energy use information, such as space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water (DHW) and lighting, is insufficient to establish a specific action plan for energy savings. Energy use information by end-use can be acquired through actual measurements in close proximity to actual energy use. This information reflects the effects of complex elements such as building operations and residential characteristics, but it is also insufficient. This study presents statistical data on energy use intensities (EUIs) and greenhouse-gas-emission intensities by end-use, derived by measured data collected from 48 sample office buildings in representative city from May 2017 to April 2018, and compares those with the U.S. commercial building energy consumption survey (CBECS) 2012 report. The average site EUIs by end-use were in the following order: space heating > electric appliances (typical floors) > space cooling > lighting > air movement > DHW > vertical transportation > city water supply. With regard to the average primary EUIs by end-use, the magnitude relationship between electric appliances (typical floors) and space heating was opposite that of the average site EUIs. Vertical transportation and DHW exhibited almost the same average greenhouse-gas-emission intensities as those of the average annual primary EUIs. The average site EUIs in the CBECS 2012 data were slightly different from those in this study: electric appliances, etc. > space heating > air movement > lighting > space cooling > DHW. The number of office buildings monitored in this study increased until 2019 (the number of total samples: 85), and the intensity data by end-use will be brought up to date through continuous measurement.
Highlights
The floor area of the air conditioned space is considered for domestic hot water (DHW), electric appliances, vertical transportation and the city water supply
The average values of the annual site end-use energy use intensities (EUIs) were in the order of space heating > electric appliances > space cooling > lighting > air movement > DHW > vertical transportation > city water supply
This study aimed to present the statistical values of site EUIs by end-use based on measured data collected from 48 office buildings in Seoul for one year (May 2017 to April 2018), and to identify the magnitudes with the commercial building energy consumption survey (CBECS) 2012 data
Summary
It is important to provide information on the energy use intensities (EUIs) by end-use, such as space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water (DHW) and lighting Energies 2020, 13, 3050 units are effective for energy conservation because they involve different technical systems in buildings These end-use categories are familiar to people because they can play a significant role in inducing voluntary energy performance improvement among building officials and in encouraging the establishment of concrete policies. Energy information systems give an energy consumption and EUIs information according to building type (residential and commercial), building characteristics and fuel type (electricity, gas, etc.) through surveys of sample buildings and data collection given by energy suppliers They provide information on energy consumption and EUIs by end-use, calculated through statistical processing and modeling of collected data, for establishing concrete energy-saving plans
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