Abstract
Ordinary electrolytic polymerization has involved plastic-type polymer solutions. Rubber, especially natural rubber, is one such polymer solution. Rubber has not been focused on until recently due to the fact that electrolytic polymerization has only a very small effect on rubber. However, when we focus on the C=C bonds of natural rubber, the same electrolytic polymerization is applicable to be enlarged on the natural rubber if a magnetic field and a filler are added. With the application of a magnetic field and a magnetic responsive fluid such as magnetic compound fluid (MCF), the effect of electrolytic polymerization on NR-latex such as plastic-type polymer solutions is enhanced, and the thickness of the vulcanized MCF rubber grows in a short time. The present new method of vulcanization of MCF rubber is effective enough that it is widely used in haptic sensors in various engineering applications. In the present report, as mechanical approach for the sensing, by measuring the temperature under electrolytic polymerization, by investigating the electric and dynamic characteristics, and by observing the magnified appearance of the MCF rubber, we clarified the extrinsic effects of many experimental conditions, including magnetic field strength, applied voltage, the electrodes gap, mass concentration, and the ingredients of the MCF. This report is Part 1, to be followed by another sequential report, Part 2, in which other intrinsic effects on the characteristics are dealt with. The experimental conditions used and the results obtained in the present report provide valuable data that will be useful in the making of MCF rubber.
Highlights
The development of conductive polymers has become more common and the principle on which it is based is well-known
As the vulcanization time was longer, the electrical resistivity was smaller in the case of normal force experimental (NFE), and the electric current was larger in the case of shear force experimental (SFE)
As for SFE, the magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber made using short-term vulcanization could be useful in haptic sensors because concave and convex surfaces can be obtained through the variation of the electric current
Summary
The development of conductive polymers has become more common and the principle on which it is based is well-known. Electrolytic polymerization has been applied only in plastics in polymer solutions. A few reports have shown that a rubber was used together with other polymer solutions as plastic materials under the electrolytic polymerization [4] [5]. Even when we apply an electrical field to natural rubber, we can observe that the polymerized thickness is about 0.15 mm, which is the same as the thickness to which natural rubber is dried in the atmosphere [6] [7]. The polymerized natural rubber has slight electrical conductivity, as shown in the present report. MCF is a colloidal fluid containing Fe3O4 and other metal particles on the or-
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