Abstract
Red oak bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor was fully analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ion chromatography (IC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Karl-Fischer titration. Based on the chemical speciation, we achieved a high mass balance closure of bio-oil (92wt%). Of the analytical techniques, GC accounted for the largest portion of the bio-oil (25.7wt%), followed by HPLC (15.4wt%) and IC (8.1wt%). Monosaccharides and disaccharides (not detected by GC) were characterized by HPLC, and total sugars present in bio-oil were estimated by running acid-hydrolysable sugars in the HPLC. Quantity of pyrolytic lignin, oligomer of lignin-derived phenolic compounds, was determined as a GC-undetected portion of water-insolubles of a whole bio-oil. Small standard deviation of each compound between duplicate runs indicated a reproducibility of pyrolysis experiments and bio-oil characterizations validating the detailed analytical approach used.
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