Abstract
The results of analysis of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) by destructive methods, carried out systematically at the Khlopin Radium Institute for over 20 years till the mid-1990s, are presented. These data constitute the experimental base for the development of nondestructive methods, correction of calculation programs, substantiation of correlation techniques of determination of individual components of SNF, and for some other purposes. The isotope compositions of U, Pu, Am, and Cm and the fuel burn-up values are presented for 81 SNF samples from WWER-440, WWER-1000, and RBMK-1000 reactors. The burn-up values are determined with 148Nd, 145 + 146Nd, and 137Cs monitors. The utilized methods, including ion-exchange and distribution chromatography, electromigration, and coprecipitation, as well as α-ray spectrometry, luminescence analysis, and mass spectrometry, are briefly discussed. The principal method utilized is isotope dilution α-ray spectrometry or isotope dilution mass spectrometry. A number of isotopes certified as reference samples of different categories, prepared at the Radium Institute, served as spikes. A combination of these methods allows the isotope composition to be estimated accurately to within ≤0.15% for U, ≤0.5% for Pu, and 3–5% for Am and Cm. The accumulated data set for the SNF from WWER and RBMK reactors is presented.
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