Abstract
The surface oxide and underlying metal of an ancient Indian high tin bronze bowl (28 wt.% Sn) has been characterized. The presence of annealing twins in the microstructure indicates that the high tin bronze was hot worked at high temperatures. The surface scales consisted essentially of Cu 2 O and Sn 3 O 4 , with Cu 2 O appearing as needles and Sn 3 O 4 appearing faceted. The Sn 3 O 4 oxide was the major constituent of the outer scale. The region in between the outer Sn 3 O 4 oxide was composed of Cu 2 O and Sn 3 O 4 . The inner scale was rich in Cu 2 O. The oxide nature has been explained by considering destannification of bronze. The destannification of bronze was further proved by composition profiling the cross section of the underlying alloy.
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