Desipramine-induced Ca 2+ movement and cytotoxicity in PC3 human prostate cancer cells

Abstract

The effect of the antidepressant desipramine on intracellular Ca 2+ movement and viability in prostate cancer cells has not been explored previously. The present study examined whether desipramine could alter Ca 2+ handling and viability in human prostate PC3 cancer cells. Cytosolic free Ca 2+ levels ([Ca 2+] i ) in populations of cells were measured using fura-2 as a probe. Desipramine at concentrations above 10 μM increased [Ca 2+] i in a concentration-dependent manner. The responses saturated at 300 μM desipramine. The Ca 2+ signal was reduced by half by removing extracellular Ca 2+, but was unaffected by nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, diltiazem or verapamil. In Ca 2+-free medium, after treatment with 300 μM desipramine, 1 μM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ pump inhibitor) failed to release Ca 2+ from endoplasmic reticulum. Conversely, desipramine failed to release more Ca 2+ after thapsigargin treatment. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 did not affect desipramine-induced Ca 2+ release. Overnight incubation with 10–800 μM desipramine decreased viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Chelation of cytosolic Ca 2+ with BAPTA did not reverse the decreased cell viability. Collectively, the data suggest that in PC3 cells, desipramine induced a [Ca 2+] i increase by causing Ca 2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum in a phospholipase C-independent fashion and by inducing Ca 2+ influx. Desipramine decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent, Ca 2+-independent manner.