Abstract

espanolEn Chile, las generaciones mas jovenes tienen una distribucion del ingreso sustancialmente mas equitativa que las generaciones mas viejas. En ellas hay tambien mayor movilidad social y menor pobreza. Las tendencias gruesas “van bien”, pero la politica social no se ha adecuado a este nuevo escenario. El articulo discute como debiera cambiar el diseno de la politica social para tomar en cuenta estos resultados. El autor considera que la politica social debe preocuparse centralmente de la pobreza y de la movilidad social. Los nuevos programas deberian, entonces, centrar su diseno en acompanar a las personas en una etapa de sus vidas (durante un episodio de pobreza) y no para siempre (porque no “son” pobres). En consecuencia, deben basarse en el ingreso y no en una ficha de proteccion social, cualquiera esta sea. Es necesario reconocer que la pobreza tiene una importante dimension temporal, hay alta movilidad entre pobres y no pobres y que la politica social debe adecuarse a esa realidad, en lugar de representar una traba. EnglishIn Chile, income is distributed on a substantially more equitable basis among younger generations than older generations. There is a greater social mobility and less poverty in the younger generations. The overall trends “are going well,” but social policy has not been adapted to this new scenario. This article discusses how the design of social policy should be changed in order to take into account these findings. The author believes that social policy must focus on poverty and social mobility. The design of new programs should therefore be centered on accompanying individuals in one stage of their lives (during an episode of poverty) and not forever (because these people are not intrinsically poor). Consequently, the program should be based on income and not on the indicators of a welfare survey, whatever its content may be. It is important to acknowledge that there is an important time dimension to poverty and that there is high mobility between the poor and the nonpoor. Social policy should be adapted to that reality instead of representing an obstacle.

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