Abstract
Recent clinical research on neuroengineering is primarily focused on biocompatible materials, which can be used to provide electroactive and topological cues, regulate the microenvironment, and perform other functions. Novel biomaterials for neuroengineering have been received much attention in the field of research, including graphene, photonic crystals, and organ-on-a-chip. Graphene, which has the advantage of high mechanical strength and chemical stability with the unique electrochemical performance for electrical signal detection and transmission, has significant potential as a conductive scaffolding in the field of medicine. Photonic crystal materials, known as a novel concept in nerve substrates, have provided a new avenue for neuroengineering research because of their unique ordered structure and spectral attributes. The “organ-on-a-chip” systems have shown significant prospects for the developments of the solutions to nerve regeneration by mimicking the microenvironment of nerve tissue. This paper presents a review of current progress in the designs of biomaterials and microenvironments and provides case studies in developing nerve system stents upon these biomaterials. In addition, we compose a conductive patterned compounded biomaterial, which could mimic neuronal microenvironment for neuroengineering by concentrating the advantage of such biomaterials.
Highlights
Nerve lesions, which cause a great number of disabilities around the world, have brought a tremendous impact on patients’ productivity and life quality
In previous studies, neuroengineering research for the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is primarily concentrated on alternatives to neurografts; work on spinal cord damage is primarily focused on creating a permissive environment for functional recovery [1]
Nerve tissue engineering (NTE) is one of the most promising strategies for restoring central nervous system (CNS) function in humans; in reality, the growth and distribution of cells within three-dimensional (3D) microporous scaffolds is of clinical significance for neuroengineering
Summary
Nerve lesions, which cause a great number of disabilities around the world, have brought a tremendous impact on patients’ productivity and life quality. Nerve tissue engineering (NTE) is one of the most promising strategies for restoring CNS function in humans; in reality, the growth and distribution of cells within three-dimensional (3D) microporous scaffolds is of clinical significance for neuroengineering. In [4], the authors derived the natural biological materials from autogenous nerves or other native tissues such as skeletal muscles or blood vessels as well as polyester materials, i.e., polyhydroxyalkanoate Another idea for natural biomaterials is to develop tissue-engineered nerve scaffolds by reconstituting nerve cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) using natural biomaterials and develop a protocol to prepare and characterize cultured Schwann cell-derived ECM [5]. The combination of biomaterials and neuroengineering has been widely researched all over the world; it is necessary to develop more novel materials to provide more choices for clinical therapy. We combine the merit of such biomaterials to develop a compound design which has the advantage to further improve nerve cell growth
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