Abstract

Obtaining pure enantiomers is crucial since the two enantiomers of chiral compounds can exhibit vastly different optical, biological, and pharmacological properties. Two mixed enantiomers can cause serious problems in their medical and sensory applications. Efficient chiral purification methods can greatly enhance industries such as medicine, food, and material synthesis. This review provides an overview of achieving single chirality through crystallization methods, specifically spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in non-equilibrium crystallization systems and deracemization in near-equilibrium crystallization systems. For spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, we described the establishment of the key mechanism which is known as stereo-selective secondary nucleation, and the development of the preferential crystallization technique for producing single chirality products from achiral or racemic solutions. Additionally, we thoroughly summarized two reliable techniques for deracemization, namely, attrition-induced deracemization and temperature cycling-induced deracemization. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of chiral symmetry breaking and deracemization in crystallization, with a focus on the underlying processes, mechanisms, and strategies for achieving process control, was also presented. Ultimately, this work also highlights the potential applications of chiral symmetry breaking and deracemization in crystallization, such as enantiopure drug production, chiral nanocrystal synthesis, and the study of the origin of homochirality in nature.

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