Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted from sunlight greatly influence human health. Excessive exposure to UV rays can be harmful to eyes and skin; however, limited UVB exposure is essential for the synthesis of vitamin D. Nowadays, owing to insufficient exposure to natural light, there is increasing concerns about low vitamin D amongst individuals. To address this issue, many lighting devices that provide UVB doses have been released; however, such devices are only used for treatments or for special purposes. This study proposes a general indoor lighting system with a UVB LED light source to provide safe UVB doses to users who spend large amounts of time indoors. The optical characteristics of two UVB LEDs with output of 20 and 100 mW were analyzed based on their distances and applied currents. The light source combination of UVB LEDS that meets the UV hazard standard of IEC-62471 was derived; this is a photobiological safety evaluation standard of LED lighting devices. We then produced a lighting module in which the UVB LED light source was applied to general LED lighting and measured and analyzed the spectral irradiance of the proposed lighting according to the measurement standard for the general lighting of IEC 62471. The actinic UV hazard (AUV) and near-UV hazard (NUV) were calculated to be 0.001 and 10 W/m2, respectively. Thus, the provision of UVB dose did not pose any risks. In addition, the total EUV (Erythemal weighted UV) dose when the proposed lighting was implemented for 16 h was 187.66 J/m2, confirming that this dose did not cause erythema for the general skin types (Skin Types 1–6). Further, the design plan of general indoor lighting with a UVB LED light source is presented.
Highlights
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic waves of 200–400 nm wavelength bands comprisingUVA (315–400 nm), UVB (280–315 nm), and UVC (200–280 nm) [1]
Adequate exposure to UVB is beneficial for human health as it assists in the synthesis of vitamin D and promotes mental health [6]
Excessive exposure to the UV rays can cause erythema, which is a kind of skin burn [36], and UV can be harmful to the human body even if a person is exposed to the UV at a lower level continuously [7]
Summary
UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (280–315 nm), and UVC (200–280 nm) [1]. The UVC and most UVB rays are absorbed into the ozone layer, and 10–30% of UVB and UVA, respectively, reach the earth’s surface and affect humans [2]. Exposure to UV radiation causes a harmful effect on the human body. UVA promotes aging on the skin, while UVB can cause skin cancer [3,4]. Adequate exposure to UVB is beneficial for human health as it assists in the synthesis of vitamin D and promotes mental health [6]. UV of sunlight can be harmful or beneficial depending on the degree of exposure [7], and issues on deterioration of health, such as vitamin D deficiency due to a lack of exposure to natural light, have been raised recently [8,9].
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