DESIGNING OF CONSTRUCTIVE SHADING DEVICES

Abstract

The paper shows how to determine dimensions of stationary horizontal (canopies) and vertical (ribs) shading devices in order to prevent penetration of normal beam solar radiation into the buildings during warm season of the year. While analyzing formulae for insolation rate equations for determination of dimensions of canopies and ribs which are perpendicular and inclined to the plane of intensively irradiated fenestrations orientated to the South, South-East, South-West, East and West have been obtained in the paper. Sloping canopies have the smallest dimensions. What is more, an angle of slope with regard to opening plane must correspond to elevation of sun station at an hour when there is a maximum specific heat flow rate of normal beam solar radiation. The paper considers an influence of canopies and ribs on transmission of diffuse solar radiation which along with normal beam solar radiation serves for creation of natural illumination. As follows from the analysis of formulae it is possible to make a conclusion about an inefficiency of vertical shading elements due to large rib dimensions and decrease in transmission of diffuse solar radiation. Minimum distances from fenestration reveal to the canopy have been determined for various orientations proceeding from the position that the opening must be maximally illuminated by normal beam solar radiation during the cold season of a year in order to reduce heat inputs for building heating. On the basis of dependence analysis we have come to a conclusion that it is appropriate to design stationary shading devices for fenestrations orientated only to the South and they must be sloping canopies. It is necessary to select glazing with a small index of solar factor for openings orientated to other corners of the Earth and reduction of solar radiation heat inputs.