Abstract
When an emergency occurs, citizens can be a helpful support for the operation centers involved in the response activities. As witnesses to a crisis, they initially can share updated and detailed information about what is going on. Moreover, thanks to the current technological evolution people are able to quickly and easily gather rich information and transmit it through different communication channels. Indeed, modern mobile devices embed several sensors such as GPS receivers, Wi-Fi, accelerometers or cameras that can transform users into well-equipped human sensors. For these reasons, emergency organizations and small and medium enterprises have demonstrated a growing interest in developing smart applications for reporting any exceptional circumstances. In this paper, we present a practical study about this kind of applications for identifying both limitations and common features. Based on a study of relevant existent contributions in this area and our personal direct experience in developing and evaluating emergency management solutions, our aim is to propose several findings about how to design effective and efficient mobile emergency notification applications. For this purpose we have exploited the basic sensors of modern mobile devices and the users’ aptitude for using them. The evaluation consists of a practical and a theoretical part. In the practical part, we have simulated a traffic accident as closely as possible to a real scenario, with a victim lying on the ground near a car in the middle of a street. For the theoretical part, we have interviewed some emergency experts for collecting their opinions about the utility of the proposed solution. Results from this evaluation phase confirm the positive impact that EN application have for both operators’ and citizens’ perspective. Moreover, we collected several findings useful for future design challenges in the same area, as shown in the final redesign of the proposed application.
Highlights
In the last decade European Union and national governments have allocated funds to promote research in the Emergency Management (EM) area
Based on a study of relevant existent contributions in this area and our personal direct experience in developing and evaluating emergency management solutions, our aim is to propose several findings about how to design effective and efficient mobile emergency notification applications. For this purpose we have exploited the basic sensors of modern mobile devices and the users’ aptitude for using them
We focus on the short-term approach and in particular on applications used by citizens for notifying emergency organizations about an exceptional situation
Summary
In the last decade European Union and national governments have allocated funds to promote research in the Emergency Management (EM) area. EM is a broad research field that can significantly improve citizens’ quality of life, helping them during a crisis, and through an adequate monitoring activity to prevent damages and victims [1]. As Yuan et al explain in [2], a possible approach to achieve this is by counting on the collaboration of citizens that are directly involved into the crisis acting as human sensors. In this way, it is possible to take advantage of the so called citizen journalism referring to the common practice of sharing different kinds of messages from anywhere and at any moment of the everyday life.
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