Designing high performance Er +3-doped fiber amplifier in triangular-lattice photonic crystal fiber host towards higher gain, low splice loss

Abstract

In order to improve the over-all performance of all-fiber amplifier using Er +3-doped triangular-lattice photonic crystal fiber (PCF), we performed a detailed study on the amplifying characteristics of the PCF host by varying all associated geometrical parameters towards utilizing controllable effective numerical aperture and tight modal confinement. A finite difference (FD) mode convergence analysis is used to determine the modal propagation characteristics of the structure, which is then used to solve a standard propagation and population rate equation. Our results show that a spectral gain of the amplifier as high as 51 dB and that too over a short length ∼2.5 m of the fiber is achievable by optimizing the transverse geometry of the fiber. Aimed at field-deployment of the amplifier as inline component, we calculate the important all-fiber characteristics, namely, beam divergence, bending loss and nonlinearity and then optimize the splicing/coupling loss (resulting from the fundamental mode mismatch only) of this active fiber device. Notably, the splice loss with standard telecom-grade SMF-28 fiber is considerably minimized through an improved mode-matching of the design. These results record a marked improvement in fiber amplifier research in realizing high-performance EDFA-PCF amplifiers.