Abstract
This article presents a design process for a hand-immune mobile antenna system. Characteristic modes (CMs) of a mobile phone and hand combination are analyzed to find the desired modes with good radiation properties. The efficient excitation of these modes is implemented by utilizing the antenna cluster technique. The proposed mobile antenna design has a small ground clearance of only 2 mm and can cover the 700-960 MHz low band, 1700-2700 MHz middle-high band (MHB) with two multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, and the 3300-3800 MHz high band with four MIMO antennas. The measurement results confirm that the proposed CM analysis-based design method in a realistic use case leads to a robust antenna design with competitive performance.
Highlights
O NE of the largest problems in modern mobile antenna design is to achieve good performance with the user holding the device
We introduce an antenna design process where the user effect is taken into account in each design step
A large number of Characteristic mode analysis (CMA)-based antenna designs have been published for a variety of different applications including mobile antennas, base station antennas, laptop antennas, and wearable antennas, see, e.g., [3]–[15]
Summary
O NE of the largest problems in modern mobile antenna design is to achieve good performance with the user holding the device. In [24], it has been shown that the antenna cluster technique can be used to effectively excite characteristic modes of a metal-rimmed device. Due to the distributed feeding and the possibility to adjust the feeding weights differently for use in free space and with the user, the cluster technique can be used to reduce the user effect even with antenna designs that have not been originally designed to take this into account [25], [26]. The proposed design can cover the 0.7–0.96 GHz low band, 1.7–2.7 GHz middle-high band, and the 3.3–3.8 GHz high band with one, two, and four antennas, respectively, and achieve good performance with the user’s hand as in free space
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