Abstract
Dwindling supply and unpredictable price fluctuations of fossil fuels have necessitated a renewed worldwide search for alternative fuels. Plant cell walls, rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, are actively pursued for their use in production of second-generation biofuels. It has been envisioned that degradation of these carbohydrate polymers to their sugar monomer subunits (saccharification) will provide necessary substrates for their yeast-mediated fermentation to ethanol. But the major component of plant cell walls, cellulose, is not easily amenable to this type of deconstruction and is tightly interlinked with hemicelluloses and lignin, making cell walls highly recalcitrant to saccharification.
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