Abstract
For several years, the population of cities has continued to multiply at a rapid pace. The main cause of this phenomenon in developing countries like Morocco is the rural exodus. In fact, rural youth are increasingly attracted by the modern way of life and the opportunities of employment offered by cities. This increase in population density has a large number of negative effects on the quality of life in the city. The most obvious is the intensity of the traffic, which has become an almost insurmountable problem and which causes a great deal of damage, such as the increase in the number of accidents that cause serious bodily harm to the road users, the pollution caused by the large amount of CO2 released by the vehicles, and the continuous stress of drivers who must drive in often narrow and very busy roads and who must look for a long time to find a space to park. Thus, to solve the parking problem, several modern technologies have been created to equip car parks with smart devices that help road users identify the nearest car park that has a free space. These technologies most often use wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In this paper, we present the design and development of a smart parking system using the latest technologies based on wireless sensor networks (WSN). Our system uses an adaptable and hybrid self-organization algorithm for wireless sensor networks that adapts to all types of car parks existing in the city (linear and mass parking), and offers a better management of the energy consumption during the wireless communication to increase the lifetime of the sensor nodes and the longevity of the WSN. This system also offers innovative services which facilitate the task to the drivers when looking for an available parking space in the city near their destination, in a fast and efficient manner.
Highlights
With the change of the global economy and modern life, the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector has experienced a vital acceleration in its process, to adapt at such change
TS: technology used by sensor network; TD: technology used by the drivers; GD: guidance; PY: payment; SE: security; RE: reservation; IG: smart gateway; PS: over internet; IOT: Internet of Things; WA: web paaprpkliincgatmioann; aSgMem: semnat rutspihnognsem; √ar:tpthheonteec; hAnVo:laovgayiloabr itlhiteyscehrevcikceinigs used in the paper
We realised a thorough comparative study of different architectures and the different self-organization protocols used in the management of the different types of existing car parks in the cities
Summary
With the change of the global economy and modern life, the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector has experienced a vital acceleration in its process, to adapt at such change. It increases drivers’ frustration and traffic congestion in the city, which will certainly cause traffic accidents All of this degrades the experience of the modern city’s ecosystem and has become a major challenge in the development of future smart parking systems. Private areas, using several recent technologies, including WSNs (wireless sensor networks) and RFID (radio frequency identification) [1,2,3,4] These systems obtain information on the available parking spaces in a parking area using real-time data collection by the sensor nodes scattered in the parking area, which allows users to use the additional services implemented by these systems, such as the automated payment service compatible with mobile phones, so that people can reserve their parking space in advance.
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