Designing an Intuitive Algorithm Based Load Frequency Controller for Electrical Power Systems

Abstract

In the interconnected system, changes in energy consumption and random energy generation by renewable energy sources cause an increase or decrease in frequency and bus voltages. Load frequency control (LFC) that cannot be controlled within certain limits may cause serious problems. Therefore, LFC is required to keep the interconnection frequency and power sharing of the interconnection line at a certain value. Due to the importance of this issue, researchers have been working on numerous studies to improve LFC. In this article, a cascaded FOPID+(III) controller consisting of a fractional-order PID and three integrators is designed for a two-zone power system, including thermal power plants, electric vehicles using the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technique and renewable energy sources such as wind farms and photovoltaic panels. Particle Swarm Optimization and Gray Wolf Optimization are used to determine the gain parameters in our new design. The effectiveness and efficiency of the FOPID+(III) controller are tested with load variation, parameter variation in the designed model and RES power variation. As a result of the experiments, it was observed that the PSO-based FOPID+(III) controller provided a 54% improvement in settling time and a 55% improvement in maximum frequency overshoot compared to other controllers.