Abstract
An information system, in our sense, arises when a person, with some goals and intentions, recognizes that her/his state of knowledge is inadequate for attaining the goal. To resolve this anomaly, the person goes to some information provision mechanism (IPM). The IPM, in general, consists of a knowledge resource and some intermediary access mechanism. Thus, the information system consists of a user, who instigates the system, a knowledge resource (KR), which contains the texts which might be relevant, and an intermediary mechanism (IM), which mediates between the user and the KR. Some typical systems of this type are in student advisory services, social security benefits offices and bibliographic retrieval systems. The system as described is certainly a joint cognitive system (Woods, this vol.; Hollnagel, this vol.), and the IPM has the basic characteristics of a classic decision support system.
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