Designed fabrication of mesoporous silica-templated self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines

Abstract

Theranostic nanosystems that integrate diagnosis and therapy have garnered increasing attention for personalized medicine. The integration of the versatile nanoparticles to fabricate self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines becomes increasingly important in current medical research. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with their highly attractive physicochemical properties and favorable morphological attributes represent ideal templates for the controlled assembly and integration of functional nanomaterials to fabricate self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines The rationally designed combination strategy and heterostructure will improve the overall bioavailability and preserve the unique property of each nanocomponent. In this review, the cutting-edge strategies for the designed fabrication of MSN-templated self-assembled nanomedicines are summarized. We categorize MSN-based nanomedicines by their unique heterostructures, including core-shell, yolk-shell, core-satellite, heterodimer and core-shell-satellite structures, and discuss the controlled assembly approaches as well as the intriguing applications for disease theranostics. Finally, a perspective on the challenges in the clinical translation of self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines is highlighted.