Design, synthesis and evaluation of [3H]PF-7191, a highly specific nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor radiotracer for in vivo receptor occupancy (RO) studies

Abstract

Herein we report the identification of (+)-N-(2-((1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-((1R,3r,5S)-6′-fluoro-8-azaspiro[bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,1′-isochroman]-8-yl)propyl)-N-[3H]-methylacetamide {[3H]PF-7191 [(+)-11]} as a promising radiotracer for the nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor. (+)-11 demonstrated high NOP binding affinity (Ki=0.1nM), excellent selectivity over other opioid receptors (>1000×) and good brain permeability in rats (Cb,u/Cp,u=0.29). Subsequent characterization of [3H](+)-11 showed a high level of specific binding and a brain bio-distribution pattern consistent with known NOP receptor expression. Furthermore, the in vivo brain binding of [3H](+)-11 in rats was inhibited by a selective NOP receptor antagonist in a dose–responsive manner. This overall favorable profile indicated that [3H](+)-11 is a robust radiotracer for pre-clinical in vivo receptor occupancy (RO) measurements and a possible substrate for carbon-11 labeling for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in higher species.