Design, synthesis and cytotoxic activity of a novel series of steroidal phenylpyrazoles

Abstract

Thirty novel steroidal pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized via a highly efficient route from pregnenolone (1) as starting material. The key intermediates 3a–c were obtained under Vilsmeier conditions, and the subsequent hydrolysis, acetylation or Borch reduction afforded thirty target compounds. These compounds were mainly characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT135°. The structure of compound 3a was also confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated by the SRB method against four cancer cell lines, including A549, Hela, MCF-7 and HepG2, and the results indicated that compounds 5a, 6a, 7a and 8a exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 0.91 to 5.44μM. Most importantly, compound 5a exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against A549 with an IC50 value of 0.91μM. On the basis of our research the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds were discussed. This work provides some important hints for further structural modification of steroids towards developing novel and highly effective anticancer drugs.