Abstract
Plant diseases that are caused by fungi and nematodes have become increasingly serious in recent years. However, there are few pesticide chemicals that can be used for the joint control of fungi and nematodes on the market. To solve this problem, a series of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives containing amide fragments were designed and synthesized. Additionally, the bioassays revealed that the compound F15 demonstrated excellent antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) in vitro, and the EC50 value of that was 2.9 μg/mL, which is comparable with commonly used fungicides thifluzamide and fluopyram. Meanwhile, F15 demonstrated excellent curative and protective activity against S. sclerotiorum-infected cole in vivo. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the hyphae of S. sclerotiorum treated with F15 became abnormally collapsed and shriveled, thereby inhibiting the growth of the hyphae. Furthermore, F15 exhibited favorable inhibition against the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of the S. sclerotiorum (IC50 = 12.5 μg/mL), and the combination mode and binding ability between compound F15 and SDH were confirmed by molecular docking. In addition, compound F11 showed excellent nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita at 200 μg/mL, the corrected mortality rate was 93.2%, which is higher than that of tioxazafen.
Highlights
Published: 29 January 2022Plant diseases that are caused by fungi and nematodes have become increasingly serious and have exerted an enormous impact on the viability and health of plants [1,2,3]
The results indicate that the binding mode of F15 and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is similar to that of the SDH inhibitor fluopyram and confirms that compound F15 has excellent anti-S. sclerotiorum activity
The antifungal results revealed that compound F15 displayed the highest in vitro antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum, with an EC50 value of 2.9 μg/mL
Summary
Plant diseases that are caused by fungi and nematodes have become increasingly serious and have exerted an enormous impact on the viability and health of plants [1,2,3]. More than 8000 species of fungi are known to cause plant diseases [6], including Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum), Rhizoctonia solani, Blumeria spp., Pythium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., Puccinia spp., Phytophthora spp., etc., and these fungi have brought about 85% plant diseases [2] and resulted in large economic crop losses [6]. It has been reported that the annual global agricultural economic losses caused by plant parasitic nematodes is estimated to be USD 157 billion [8].
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