Abstract
The copper catalytic azide and terminal alkyne cycloaddition reaction, namely “click chemistry”, gives a new and convenient way to create l,4-disubstitutd-l,2,3-triazoles. In this work, 2-pyrrolecarbaldiminato–Cu(II) complexes were established as efficient catalysts for the three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of arylboronic acid and sodium azide (NaN3) with terminal alkynes in ethanol at room temperature to 50 °C, 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized. Following the optimized protocol, two series of new aryl-1,2,3-triazole-β-carboline hybrids have been designed and synthesized, and the chemical structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). All of the target compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctorzia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea Pers., sunflower sclerotinia rot, and rape sclerotinia rot by mycelia growth inhibition assay at 50 μg/mL. The antifungal evaluation of the novel hybrids showed that, among the tested compounds, 5a, 5b, 5c, and 9b showed good antifungal activity against sunflower sclerotinia rot. Specifically, compound 9b also exhibited high broad-spectrum fungicidal against all the tested fungi with inhibition rates of 58.3%, 18.52%, 63.07%, 84.47%, and 81.23%. However, for F. oxysporum, all the target compounds showed no in vitro antifungal activities with an inhibition rate lower than 20%. These results provide an encouraging framework that could lead to the development of potent novel antifungal agents.
Highlights
Plant pathogenic microorganisms could infect crops and cause local or whole plant disease, which leads to significant economic losses [1]
The potential impact of synthetic pesticides on the environment and human health has been of great concern, which highlights the need for environmentally-friendly pesticides to protect crops from insect infestation [2]
Further modification and structural optimization of novel insecticides leading from the plant origin have recently been important methods for the research and development of new pesticides [4]
Summary
Plant pathogenic microorganisms could infect crops and cause local or whole plant disease, which leads to significant economic losses [1]. Further modification and structural optimization of novel insecticides leading from the plant origin have recently been important methods for the research and development of new pesticides [4]. Molecules 2018, 23, 1344 present in medicinal plants, such as Peganum harmala L. The reported biological applications of β-carboline alkaloids include sedative and anxiolytic [6], antitumor [7,8], antimalarial [8], Molecules 2018, 23, x FOR PEER REVIEW antiparasitic [9], anti-HIV [10] agents, and other pharmacological activities. As for pest management, the extracts of Peganum harmala
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