Design study of torque power output of Pelton turbine based on variable parameter bucket and angle deflection geometry

Abstract

In recent years, the world's energy consumption has increased rapidly. The scarcity of energy supplies becomes a major concern for users. This increases the demand for renewable energy. Hydropower is one of the energy sources with the greatest potential to become the world's largest energy source. Pico-hydro power was introduced in this project because it is small and requires only a low head. As a result, it could be used in domestic applications and small-scale needs. However, there is some concern about the power output of the pico-hydro power as primary issue faces depending on the number of bucket and angle as instability of hydropower output. This paper mentions the reaction turbine to its characteristics and applications as a Pelton turbine is used a s the turbine for the pico-hydro power. The Pelton turbine is being studied for its parameters, which are the angle of deflection and the number of buckets. The interaction of these two parameters is critical for obtaining different combinations with its power output. The design of this Pelton turbine is based on a common residential pipe, and parameters that calculated based on the jet ratio between jet and turbine diameter. The effects of turbine geometry on water flow a re achieve the best perimeter which was 20 buckets with 160° angle deflection with 3.453 N.m and the peak torque continues to decrease as the deflection angle is increased further towards the lowest of 2.609 N.m a t°. The findings in the present paper will provide a crucial design parameter needed towards an optimised design of Pelton turbine for better output energy efficiency in the future.