Abstract
We have studied the various conditions and limitations for achieving compact fixed-field alternating-gradient (FFAG) accelerators to be widely used in heavy-ion cancer therapy. For the case of a normal-conducting FFAG accelerator, our linear calculation indicates 12-cell radial sectors with a field index of 10.5 as a suitable configuration. We found that its ring circumference can be as small as 70 m and that triple-cascade rings are needed to accelerate a carbon beam from $40\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{k}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{u}$ to $400\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{u}$. In this paper, we report a systematic analysis based on a linear optical model, a comparison of various types of FFAG, and a design example with some technical concerns. An important result is that viable radial-sector designs are possible with circumference factor $C$ significantly lower than the value 4.45 previously quoted.
Highlights
As latest estimates indicate that cancer deaths will increase to 107 per year by 2020, cancer treatment has become one of the top priorities for global health care
We developed a linear optical calculation code in order to carry out systematic analysis on both radial- and spiral-sector fixed-field alternatinggradient (FFAG) for a compact design
We have studied various lattice structures in order to design a compact, cost-effective medical FFAG accelerator for carbon-beam cancer therapy
Summary
As latest estimates indicate that cancer deaths will increase to 107 per year by 2020, cancer treatment has become one of the top priorities for global health care. The higher repetition rate of FFAG is expected due to its time-independent field structure, while that of a conventional synchrotron is limited by the time required for the pulsed magnetic field cycle With such a high repetition rate, a highly controlled delivery of the dose can be possible when using the latest irradiation techniques. In the spot-scanning method [3], the spot-size carbon beam needs to be steered quickly in the patient’s body by magnetic deflection, while there are no beams being supplied during a transition from one constituent field spot to the This type of scanning method can achieve high irradiation accuracy by reducing unwanted dosage and can eliminate the collimator/bolus used in the wobbling method.
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