Design strategies, utilization and applications of nano-engineered biomaterials for the enhancement of bioenergy: A sustainable approach

Abstract

In consideration of the world's energy issues and environmental concerns, the search for sustainable energy sources has taken on a crucial role. Although bioenergy, which is made from organic materials, presents a promising alternative, there are many obstacles preventing its widespread acceptance, such as ineffective conversion procedures, resource shortages, and environmental effects. Sustainable energy with advanced technology and also economically feasible can be achieved through a combination of nanoparticles and enzyme immobilization techniques. Nano-materials can be designed according to our needs which make them a better choice for many applications. The physio-chemical properties of nanoparticles are unique with increased surface/volume ratio. The methods of synthesis are top-down (physical), bottom-up (chemical) and biological methods. Break-through technology with which challenges faced by increasing demands of the current and future needs can be fulfilled. Binding/encapsulation of enzymes to nanoparticles enhances the efficiency of enzymes as nano-biocatalyst and also has the advantage of reusability of enzymes which in-turn reduces the overall cost, avoids enzyme deactivation by inhibitors produced during the process. The energy crisis can be resolved by the above technology by using the nano-biocatalyst in biofuel production to overcome the limitations of conventional biocatalysts. By carrying out more research in-depth for designing nano-biocatalyst that provides stabilization for biofuel industries alternate sustainable production can be achieved.