Abstract
With the degree of population ageing rising continuously and the number of disabled and mentally disabled elderly rapidly increasing, the demand for care facilities for the elderly is growing. On the other hand, due to the Chinese urban expansion in the previous stage, a large number of existing buildings are faced with the problems of transformation and reconstruction,the reconstruction and utilization of existing building resources are also gradually paid attention to by all sectors of the society. In order to explore the new ideas of elderly facility development and realize the sustainable development of architecture. In this paper, through field research and case analysis methods, combined with the renovation process of Beijing friendship health community, put forward relevant strategies to transform the existing hotel buildings into care facilities for the elderly in terms of functional transformation, streamline arrangement, space construction, infiltration of the concept of suitable for the aged and improvement of structural adaptability, in the hope of raise rationalization proposals for the reconstruction of existing hotels into elderly facilities. The study also found that the existing hotel buildings have unique adaptability in the transformation into elderly facilities, which provides possible and convenient conditions for the success of the reconstruction.
Highlights
a large number of existing buildings are faced with the problems of transformation and reconstruction
In order to explore the new ideas of elderly facility development
The study also found that the existing hotel buildings have unique adaptability in the transformation
Summary
摘要:随着我国人口老龄化程度的不断加深和失能、失智老人数量的持续增多,对于养老设施的需求与日俱增。而 另一方面,由于我国前一阶段的城市扩张,大量既有建筑面临着转型和改造的问题,对于既有建筑资源的改造和利 用也逐步受到社会各界的重视。为了探求养老设施发展的新思路,实现建筑的可持续发展。本文通过实地调研和案 例分析的方法,结合北京友谊健康社区的改造过程,提出了将既有酒店建筑改造为养老设施在功能转换、动线安排、 空间营造、适老化理念渗透以及提高结构适应性等方面的相关策略,以期对既有酒店改造为养老设施的建设提出合 理化建议。研究也发现既有酒店建筑在改造为养老设施方面具有独特的适应性,为改造的成功进行提供了可能和便 利条件。 当下,我国巨大的养老压力和养老设施体系建设之间 的矛盾愈加突出。截至2018年底,我国60岁及以上人口为 24949万人,占总人口的17.9%[1],其中失能、部分失能 老年人约有4000万人,预测到2020年,我国失能、部分失 能老年人将达到4200万人[2]。然而目前全国注册登记的养 老机构只有2.9万个,各类养老机构提供的床位数总计约 714.2万张[3],相较于到2020年达到每千名老人拥有养老 床位35-45张的目标[4],缺口依然很大。既有酒店改造为 养老设施的优势主要在于可有效缓解我国严峻的养老问 题,而且可以延长建筑的使用寿命,对实现社会闲置资源 的价值重塑和建筑的可持续发展具有重要意义[5]。 北京市60岁及以上户籍老年人口约329.2万人,其中16.49 万老年人已确定为失能老年人[6],作为北京人口分布最 为密集的西城区,户籍老年人口已达到39万多,但是位 于二环内的养老机构只有20家[7],远不能满足北京核心 人口密集区的需求,人口老龄化带来的这些问题显得更 为突出。 为了达到与医疗设施密切结合的目的,并为老年人提 供良好的生活服务,项目在选址时格外注重周边配套设施 的分布情况。立项之初首要考虑的因素是周边的医疗资源 配置情况,以满足入住老年人的医疗需求。在基地东侧一 路之隔的就是北京友谊医院,向北300米位置为宣武中医 院,周边还有北京医院及宣武医院(如图1)。社区东临 西经路,南侧有北纬路公交车站,交通便利、可达性高, 周边餐饮、超市、银行、公园等基本生活配套设施也一应 俱全。
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