Abstract
The article describes the methods of contemporary daylight factor’ (D.F.) design either with top or side natural lighting systems in buildings. The different methods of design, with different design formulas are based on preliminary determination of the type of lighting system used. But this division is rather conditional and not accurate. Sometimes the source of natural light (say, a window in a wall), which traditionally is judged as a source of a side light, is placed higher, than a monitor or skylight on a roof, which usually are determined as a sources of a top light. The same situation can be seen in determination of an angle of observation of a sky vault portion, observed from a design point within the premise considered. Thus, taking into account the above mentioned statements, one can assume, that with no strict division of external natural illumination under the overcast sky conditions, adopted as a basic theory in contemporary domestic «Codes and Regulations on Natural Lighting of Interiors», it is necessary to offer an universal design formula. This one should be based on standard formulas with respect to specific points, typical either to elements of window, monitor or skylight structures.
Highlights
The daylight factor (D.F.) values under any system of outdoor natural illumination are being calculated in accordance with main laws of lighting research and technology theory and with use of modern domestic and foreign «Codes and Regulations» on Natural lighting of interiors
The changes in « » value leads to the change in value of «Geometric daylight factor»’ values (G.D.F.) « », due to non-uniform brightness of the standard overcast sky
The role of the ground’ reflection in «rG» is replaced with the roofing’ reflection in «r2» These factors is use, according to the contemporary «Codes and Regulations» only for design of a daylight factor with side lighting system of premises
Summary
The daylight factor (D.F.) values under any system of outdoor natural illumination (side or top ones) are being calculated in accordance with main laws of lighting research and technology theory and with use of modern domestic and foreign «Codes and Regulations» on Natural lighting of interiors. The sky is in this case called an «overcast» and natural outdoor illuminator is evaluated as «diffuse». Such a conditions and requirements are adopted in majority of the leading countries, as a result of «Internal Commission on Illumination» (C.I.E.). In this case, the determination of the type of lighting system simultaneously leads, to the design’ method needed. The determination of the type of lighting system simultaneously leads, to the design’ method needed This problem in latest years is being discussed on the «Design of Buildings and Structures» Chair of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering [7- 12]
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