Design Recommendations for Columns Made of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete and NiTi SMA Bars

Abstract

The use of new materials in construction endows structures with better mechanical characteristics. The combination of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and nickel and titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA) improves the behavior of building structures by increasing both their ductility and dissipation energy due to the low-damage and self-centering properties of NiTi SMA. Since UHPC and NiTi SMA are expensive materials and still scarce in distribution channels, this article tries to offer design recommendations to reduce the length of the column-beam connection in which these new materials should be introduced, leaving the rest of the column with conventional materials. To achieve this, a nonlinear static pushover analysis of columns using finite element software, SeismoStruct, was performed. This model was calibrated using experimental results. Next, a parametric analysis was carried out to propose the design recommendations. Results indicated that an adequate design for the column–beam connection, considering both economy and performance, should include a main zone with UHPC and SMA reinforcements, a transition zone with UHPC and steel reinforcements, and another zone with conventional reinforced concrete. The transition zone improved the hybrid column’s performance without excessively raising the cost. The main zone length, the transition zone length, and the strength of the concrete in the rest of the column must be determined to ensure that the critical section of the column was in the main zone to develop the maximum strength and ductility. The length of the main zone depended on the compressive strength of the conventional concrete, the relative axial load of the column, and the required ductility.