Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to analytically capture aero- and hydrodynamic interaction effects on wind-assisted ships. Low aspect ratio wing theory is applied and modified to be used for the prediction of lift and drag forces of hulls sailing at drift angles. Aerodynamic interaction effects are captured by analytically solving the Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible, potential flow. The developed methods are implemented to a 4 degrees-of-freedom performance prediction model called “ShipCLEAN”, including a newly developed method for rpm control of Flettner rotors on a ship to maximize fuel savings. The accuracy of the model is proven by model- and full-scale verification. To present the variability of the model, two case study ships, a tanker and a RoRo, are equipped with a total of 11 different arrangements of Flettner rotors. The fuel savings and payback times are assessed using realistic weather from ships traveling on a Pacific Ocean route (tanker) and Baltic Sea route (RoRo). The results verify the importance of using a 4 degrees-of-freedom ship performance model, aero- and hydrodynamic interaction and the importance of controlling the rpm of each rotor individually. Fuel savings of 30% are achieved for the tanker, and 14% are achieved for the RoRo.
Highlights
To limit the consequences of climate change, society must dramati cally reduce CO2 emissions, which are a major driver of climate change (Anderson and Bows, 2011)
The results show that, compared to the ships without wind-assisted propulsion, fuel savings greater than 30% can be achieved for the tanker
The paper presented a continued development of a ship performance model called ShipCLEAN, which is a ship energy system model that can be used to predict the performance of generic cargo ships
Summary
To limit the consequences of climate change, society must dramati cally reduce CO2 emissions, which are a major driver of climate change (Anderson and Bows, 2011). Numerous studies have focused on the economics and general fuel savings of such systems (Ballnii et al, 2017; Talluri et al, 2018; Tillig and Ringsberg, 2018; van der Kolk et al, 2019a), showing that wind-assisted propulsion can significantly lower fuel consumption and emissions. These studies have shown that the economics highly depend on wind conditions, ship types and shipping routes.
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