Abstract
Wireless body area networks are being widely used due to the increase in the use of wireless networks and various electrical devices. A Wearable Patch antenna is used for enhancement of various applications for WBAN. In this paper, a low profile wearable microstrip patch antenna is designed and suggested for constant observation of human vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse rate and body temperature using wireless body area network (WBAN) technology. The operating frequency of the antenna is taken as 2.45 GHz which lies in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band. Polyester textile fabric with a relative permittivity of 1.44 and thickness of 2.85 mm is used as a substrate material. The proposed antenna is designed to achieve better return loss, VSWR, gain and low value of specific absorption rate (SAR) as compare to other existing wearable antenna. The achieved antenna return loss at 2.45 GHz is about -10.52 dB and gain of 7.81 dB. The VSWR value achieved at 2.45 GHz is 1.84, which is good in terms of good impedance matching. Other antenna field parameters like 2D and 3D gain, radiation pattern, and SAR value have been calculated. High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used to design and simulate the proposed antenna.
Highlights
Wireless Body Area Networks are being used for the various real-time health monitoring applications
According to Federal Communication Commission (FCC), the specific absorption rate (SAR) value should be below 1.6 W/Kg averaged over 1 gm of tissue and in European Standard, its value should be 2 W/Kg averaged over 10 gm of tissue [16][17]
The achieved SAR value at 2.45 GHz is 0.0640 W/Kg averaged over 1 gm of tissue, which is under the limit of 1.6 W/Kg averaged over 1 gm of tissue
Summary
Wireless Body Area Networks are being used for the various real-time health monitoring applications. These networks include the use of wearable antennas for transmitting and receiving of the data for healthcare related systems. Advancements in the field of wearable electronics have progressed rapidly in recent times and as a result, intensive research activities are being held over body conformal antennas These days, some vital signs of the human body such as heart rate, blood glucose, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram (ECG) need to be monitored regularly due to their severe implications on the human health. After the reception of medical information, all the data is collected from the sensors mounted on the human body and sent to an external device.
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