Abstract
The construction and maintenance of water, sewage, and heating lines in permafrost poses one of the greatest city-building problems faced in northern environments. The design and installation of a modern utility grid in Noril'sk, northern USSR, provides a good example of Soviet civil engineering strategy on permafrost. Early failures in combined underground installation of lines in reinforced concrete conduits (utilidors) forced design changes responsible for the present, more technically advanced system. Cogeneration of heat and electricity and the “closed-perimeter” building ensemble have potential applications in utilities planning in Arctic North America.
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