Abstract
Previously, it has been shown that ultrasound measurements of sound speed and nonlinearity can be used to quantify the fatty and non-fatty components of liver tissue. In addition, it has been proposed that ultrasound attenuation measurements can be used to distinguish fatty components comprising either sub-micron lipid droplets (microsteatosis) or much larger cell-sized droplets (macrosteatosis). To perform all of these measurements, a caliper device is being developed based on a transmission-mode approach. Design challenges are posed by competing requirements: sub-megahertz frequencies for optimal detection of microsteatosis and nonlinearity estimation based on waveform distortion over relatively short distances. To meet these challenges, a design is proposed in which ultrasound at 667 kHz is generated by a 50 mm piezoceramic disk and all measurements are made in the plane-wave regime. Given geometrical and physical constraints, all analysis was performed in the time domain. The nonlinearity coefficient ...
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