Design of the waveform distinction algorithm for the main drift chamber at the Super Tau-Charm facility

Abstract

Drift chambers are essential in high-energy collider experiments for tracking the trajectory of charged particles. With the increase in peak luminosity, the detector's counting rate also rises, leading to challenges such as high beam backgrounds and an increased probability of signal pile-up in a single drift chamber channel. The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) is a new electron-positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community and the Main Drift Chamber (MDC) is the primary component of the STCF tracking system. The average hit rate of the innermost layer is 440 kHz with the cell size of 1 cm. This high count rate increases the pile-up probability of waveforms, making it difficult to achieve waveform discrimination even with optimized readout electronics performance. Modifying the cell size from approximately 1 cm to 5 mm is expected to decrease the innermost layer hit rate to approximately 210 kHz per channel. This paper presents a novel algorithm for waveform distinction using digital waveform data and integration curves. The algorithm is implemented on an evaluation board based on the Xilinx FPGA to achieve real-time waveform distinction. The algorithm's performance is validated through testing with the evaluation board. The test results indicate that the probability of distinction closely matches the theoretical value, the efficiency of the algorithm is about 96%, and the error probability is less than 4%. This result can serve as a reference for optimizing the MDC structure.