Design of sustainable energy harvesters using a 3D car suspension system model and half-width speed bump

Abstract

This study aims to not only design a vibration energy harvester integrated in a three-dimensional (3D) multi-particle system but also investigate the longitudinal and lateral body sway and the effect of front and back wheel interlocking caused by the eccentric loading of the vehicle. Using multidimensional vehicle suspension system vibration modes for analysis, this study evaluates the impact of lateral and longitudinal eccentricity on the displacement of the four-suspension system wheel axes. In addition, this study discusses the effect of discontinuous half-width sinusoidal speed bump on power generation and maximum power generation capacity under good ride comfort conditions. To maximize the efficient electrical power from the car's suspension system through the use of energy harvesters, we have employed the simulated annealing algorithm, a robust global optimization technique. The objective function chosen for this optimization is the root-mean-square (RMS) electrical power, represented as WTT(RMS). In addition to this, we have considered the comfort experienced by passengers, incorporating the ride comfort efficiency into the objective function during the optimization process. As a result of this optimization, a 3D car model equipped with four energy harvesters has been fine-tuned to achieve a significant increase in induced electrical power, ultimately reaching an impressive 0.2 W.