Design of surface tailored carboxymethyl dextran-protein based nanoconjugates for paclitaxel: Spectroscopical characterizations and cytotoxicity assay

Abstract

Paclitaxel (PTX) is an essential anticancer drug from the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class IV. Unfortunately, PTX has some drawbacks including low solubility, cell toxicity, adverse cell reaction, etc. Therefore, folic acid (FA) tailored carboxymethyl-dextran (CMD), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) mediated nanoconjugates of paclitaxel (PTX) (FA-CMD-BSA-PTX) were designed. At first, esterification reaction between FA and CMD resulted in FA-CMD conjugate whereas FA-CMD-BSA conjugate was synthesized via the Maillard reaction. Finally, FA-CMD-BSA conjugates of PTX were achieved via hydrophobic interaction and gelation of BSA. Herein, heating offers the gelation of BSA that furnishes the cross-linking wherein PTX gets fixed inside BSA. Thermogram of FA-CMD-BSA-PTX showed the absence of PTX peak that concluding PTX has been molecularly dispersed in polymer matrix and entrapment inside polymeric conjugate. As an effect, surface decorated FA-CMD-BSA-PTX showed low hemolytic toxicity over free PTX. Cytotoxicity assay on A549 human lung cancer cells shows cell viability decreased from 60 % to 10 % with increasing concentration from 1 to 5 μg/mL. In conclusion, CMD facilitates the circulation time of PTX and BSA acts as a carrier to target tumor locations effectively. The nano-conjugate formulation significantly reduces toxicity and can be used for the treatment of lung cancer.