Abstract
A multistage liquefaction scheme consisting of coal pretreatment, solvent-mediated hydrogen-transfer dissolution, and catalytic hydrocracking steps was proposed in order to achieve the highest oil yields with complete conversion of organic components in coal and to enable the recovery and repeated use of the catalyst with its least deactivation. The deashing pretreatment enhanced the depolymerization of coal macromolecules through the removal of bridging ion-exchangeable cations as well as the better contact of donor solvent with coal macromolecules. The highest oil plus asphaltene yield of ca. 75 % was obtained through the two-step liquefaction of acid-treated Morwell coal by the reactions of noncatalytic hydrogen transfer (donor solvent: tetrahydrofluoranthene, solvent/coal = 1) at 430°C-2 min in the first step and the following catalytic hydrogenation with a pyrite catalyst at 400°C-20 min
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