Abstract
A novel planar distributed three-beam electron gun with narrow beam separations is designed based on grids loaded sheet beam method. The dimensions of the three-beam gun in the y–O-z plane are determined using our basic theoretical design method developed for sheet beam gun. The results show that the profile of focusing electrode in the y–O-z plane is related to the beam width in the x-O-z plane. Then, the characteristics and parameters of three-beam array formation with their stability are analyzed thoroughly by adjustment of control grids in the x-O-z plane. Each of the beamlet obtained is with a small axial deviation of the two transverse waists. Based on the theoretical analysis and simulations, the planar three-beam electron gun is constructed with the beam voltage of 22 kV and the current of 3 times 0.15 A. The average radius of 0.08 mm at each beam waist is obtained with the compression factor of 4 for the 0.18 mm beam tunnel radius. The beam waist can be achieved at about 4.4 mm away from the cathode with the axis separation about 0.46 mm for each of beamlet. Thus, the design method can be generally used to construct such type of narrow beam separation and planar distributed multiple beam electron gun for the miniaturization and integrated vacuum electron devices in millimeter wave and terahertz band.
Highlights
High-power millimeter-wave and terahertz (THz) sources play a critical role in a wide spectrum of potential applications, including high-data-rate communications, biomedical diagnosis, chemical spectroscopy and threat detection[1,2,3]
The planar interaction circuit suitable for the planar distributed multi-beam array is easier in fabrication than the circular structures in the millimeter wave and THz regime, and it can meet the trend of planarity, miniaturization and integration for generation of vacuum electron d evices[7,8]
Methodologies and guidelines for designing the novel planar distributed three-beam electron gun are presented with narrow beam separations, which can be used in such type of narrow separation beam electron gun as one of the general method
Summary
High-power millimeter-wave and terahertz (THz) sources play a critical role in a wide spectrum of potential applications, including high-data-rate communications, biomedical diagnosis, chemical spectroscopy and threat detection[1,2,3]. The adjacent axial separation is, generally, less than 0.5 mm for 95 GHz and 0.2 mm for 220 GHz high output power tubes For the latter two cases, it is challenging to develop new multi-beam gun design techniques to generate the desired planar multi-beam array with so narrow beam separation. A novel planar distributed three-beam electron gun with narrow beam separations is theoretically designed based on grids loaded sheet beam method, which have been develop by our group r ecently[15]. We have analyzed and verified the stability of the designed electron gun, including the sensitive dependence on the geometric size, and some electric parameters such as voltage and current This novel design method can be widely used in millimeter wave and terahertz planar electron beam devices. The good agreements have been achieved between the theoretical analysis and 3D simulation for the designed planar three-beam electron gun
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