Abstract
In this paper, a planar $\pmb{8\times 16}$ Butler matrix is designed using microstrip technology to build up a 16-element switched-beam antenna array. By connecting 180° hybrid couplers with 8 output ports of the conventional $\pmb{8\times 8}$ Butler matrix, each original output is split into two ports with an equal power division and a 180° phase difference. Hence, the outputs of the Butler matrix can be expanded to 16 outputs. As the developed matrix is integrated with 16 microstrip antenna elements, one can form a 16-element switch-beam antenna array with 8 switched beams pointing to 8 different azimuth angles. The measured radiation patterns of the developed antenna array demonstrate that the main-beam directions point to azimuth angles of −47°, −33°, −19°, −4°, 5°, 17°, 30°, and 46° at 9.4 GHz and agree the theoretical results very well.
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