Abstract
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), which is a burgeoning technique at nanoscale region to take the important place of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology, has been studied for several years. The recent primary research emphasis is mainly focusing on circuit design, for instance, full adders (FAs) and multiplexers. The authors will present a new five-input majority gate to construct FAs. Three QCA normalised FAs based on different logical expressions are then selected and designed, denoted as NFA1–NFA3, respectively. To conveniently compare with existing adders, three simplified FAs are also designed, named SFA1–SFA3. Analysis results indicate that SFA3 presents better performance in some extent.
Highlights
Since the presence of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), the theory in this domain has been developed rapidly including the pure research and experimental verification for the practicability of this technology
Most studies focus on circuit design and simulation such as QCA basic logic unit and field programmable gate array, at which full adders (FAs) dominate, while the physical realisation mostly focuses on the demonstration of QCA cells
There are three connecting modes for connection of two components: parallel, if two gates with PTM1 and PTM2 are connected in parallel, the combined probabilistic transfer matrix (PTM) is the tensor product of PTM1 and PTM2; series, if two gates with PTM1 and PTM2 are connected in series, the combined PTM is the product of PTM1 and PTM2; if two gates with PTM1 and PTM2 are connected by fanout, the combined PTM is calculated by the tensor product of PTM1 and PTM2 and eliminating the rows that have different input values for one fanout [38]
Summary
Since the presence of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), the theory in this domain has been developed rapidly including the pure research and experimental verification for the practicability of this technology. A method to get the optimal logical expression based on majority voter for a circuit with three inputs was presented [2] Adopting this means, an FA consisting of three three-input majority voters and two inverters was obtained and implemented in QCA domain in one layer. An FA consisting of three three-input majority voters and two inverters was obtained and implemented in QCA domain in one layer With this logical expression for FA, the threelayer FA was designed [3, 4]. Pudi optimised the logical expression to reduce one inverter and to design a new QCA FA [30] The principle of these methods is to take the place of three-input majority voter in FAs. This paper is organised as follows: Section 2 provides the circuit design guidelines about QCA technology.
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