Design of Nanoscaled Surface Morphology of TiO2-Ag2O Composite Nanorods through Sputtering Decoration Process and Their Low-Concentration NO2 Gas-Sensing Behaviors.

Yuan-Chang Liang,Yen-Chen Liu

doi:10.3390/nano9081150

Abstract

TiO2–Ag2O composite nanorods with various Ag2O configurations were synthesized by a two-step process, in which the core TiO2 nanorods were prepared by the hydrothermal method and subsequently the Ag2O crystals were deposited by sputtering deposition. Two types of the TiO2–Ag2O composite nanorods were fabricated; specifically, discrete Ag2O particle-decorated TiO2 composite nanorods and layered Ag2O-encapsulated TiO2 core–shell nanorods were designed by controlling the sputtering duration of the Ag2O. The structural analysis revealed that the TiO2–Ag2O composite nanorods have high crystallinity. Moreover, precise control of the Ag2O sputtering duration realized the dispersive decoration of the Ag2O particles on the surfaces of the TiO2 nanorods. By contrast, aggregation of the massive Ag2O particles occurred with a prolonged Ag2O sputtering duration; this engendered a layered coverage of the Ag2O clusters on the surfaces of the TiO2 nanorods. The TiO2–Ag2O composite nanorods with different Ag2O coverage morphologies were used as chemoresistive sensors for the detection of trace amounts of NO2 gas. The NO2 gas-sensing performances of various TiO2–Ag2O composite nanorods were compared with that of pristine TiO2 nanorods. The underlying mechanisms for the enhanced sensing performance were also discussed.

Highlights

The development of chemosensors made from semiconductor oxides has recently become a key research topic [1,2]
Gas sensors based on 1D titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures have received considerable attention because they can be fabricated with diverse chemical and physical methods; TiO2 has been shown to be favorable for the detection of diverse harmful gases and volatile organic vapors at elevated temperatures [5,7,8]
The Ag2O coverage morphology effects on the low-concentration NO2 gas-sensing performance of the TiO2–Ag2O p–n composite nanorods are systematically investigated in this study

Summary

Introduction

The development of chemosensors made from semiconductor oxides has recently become a key research topic [1,2]. Combining n-type oxides with p-type semiconductor oxides to form a heterogeneous structure has attracted great attention due to this combination’s enhanced gas-sensing performance toward target gases [9,10,11]. Reports on the incorporation of p-type oxides into n-type TiO2 nanostructures to form a p–n junction gas sensor are limited in number. 1D TiO2–Ag2O p–n heterogeneous structures are synthesized through the combination of hydrothermal growth and sputtering methods. The fabrication of Ag2O through a physical method (sputtering) is advantageous concerning the control of the Ag2O content, crystalline quality, and coverage morphology on 1D TiO2. The Ag2O coverage morphology effects on the low-concentration NO2 gas-sensing performance of the TiO2–Ag2O p–n composite nanorods are systematically investigated in this study

Materials and Methods

Synthesis Method

Conclusions