Abstract
In this study, a new design of a tri-band multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) cellular systems. Its structure is composed of eight identical planar-inverted F antenna (PIFA) elements placed at different edge corners of the handset mainboard with overall dimensions of 150 × 75 mm2. The PIFA elements and ground plane of the MIMO antenna system are arranged on the back layer of the platform, which makes the design easy to integrate with the handset circuit. For S11 ≤ −10 dB, the radiation elements of the MIMO design operate at the frequency ranges of 2.5–2.7 GHz, 3.4–3.75 GHz, and 5.6–6 GHz covering the long-term evolution (LTE) 41, 42/43, and 47 operation bands, respectively. The array achieves better than 15 dB return loss results across the three operating bands. The presented antenna array not only exhibits multi-band operation but also generates the polarization diversity characteristic, which makes it suitable for multi-mode operation. The proposed antenna array was simulated and experimentally tested. Fundamental characteristics of the proposed design are investigated. It offers three band S-parameters with acceptable isolation and dual-polarized radiation with quite good efficiency and gain results. Besides this, the total active reflection coefficient (TARC) and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) results of the PIFAs are very low over the bands. In addition, the radiation characteristics of the MIMO antenna in the presence of the user and handset components are studied. Moreover, a new and compact phased array millimeter-wave (MM-Wave) antenna with broad bandwidth and end-fire radiation is introduced which can be easily integrated into the smartphone antenna system. Due to its good performance and simple structures, the proposed smartphone antenna array design is a good candidate for future multi-mode 5G cellular applications.
Highlights
With the rapid evolution of wireless communications, the 5G network has received a great deal of attention from both academia and industry, with many reported efforts and research outputs [1,2,3]
MIMO systems have been successfully employed for 4G mobile networks, and a larger number of antenna elements is expected to be applied for 5G communications [7,8]
The proposed planar-inverted F antenna (PIFA) array system operates at three different bands—2.6, 3.6, and 5.8 GHz—of sub-6 GHz 5G cellular networks
Summary
With the rapid evolution of wireless communications, the 5G network has received a great deal of attention from both academia and industry, with many reported efforts and research outputs [1,2,3]. Several smartphone antenna designs with MIMO systems have been proposed recently [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32] All of these designs either cover only a single-band operation frequency or use a few antenna elements with large sizes which could occupy a huge space of the mainboard. The proposed PIFA array system operates at three different bands—2.6, 3.6, and 5.8 GHz—of sub-6 GHz 5G cellular networks It exhibits good properties in terms of the fundamental characteristics and could be used in future handsets. In addition to the proposed MIMO antenna, a new and compact phased array millimeter-wave (MM-Wave) antenna with broad bandwidth and end-fire radiation is introduced for 28 GHz applications. The following sections present the design details, single-element performance, characteristics of the tri-band MIMO antenna, and the 28 GHz phased array
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