Abstract
Narrowband imaging (NBI), flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE), and Lugol chromoendoscopy (LCE) are used in endoscopy of head and neck cancers and esophageal cancers. The NBI and FICE techniques enhance the capillary pattern in cancerous areas, whereas in LCE, normal and cancerous areas are differentiated using Lugol solution. Although invasive, LCE is more sensitive than NBI and FICE for this purpose. In this study, we propose a relatively less invasive and highly sensitive technique for detecting cancerous areas that combines low-concentration Lugol stain and narrowband illumination. This combined technique requires the use of an endoscopic system that can acquire RGB images synchronized with narrowband illumination switching. This technique produces a large number of images that can potentially discriminate smaller differences in color than is possible with conventional RGB imaging. Experiments to predict the performance of the proposed method were performed using four resected specimens, including esophageal cancer, and promising results were obtained.
Highlights
IntroductionHead and neck (oral, larynx, and pharynx) [1] cancers and esophageal cancers are the 6th and 7th most common cancers worldwide, respectively [2]
Head and neck [1] cancers and esophageal cancers are the 6th and 7th most common cancers worldwide, respectively [2]
This combined technique requires the use of an endoscopic system that can acquire RGB images synchronized with narrowband illumination switching
Summary
Head and neck (oral, larynx, and pharynx) [1] cancers and esophageal cancers are the 6th and 7th most common cancers worldwide, respectively [2]. They appear superficially in the mucous membrane and gradually infiltrate the underlying tissue [3], [4]. In the LCE technique, normal areas are stained with Lugol solution and cancerous areas remain unstained. The staining reaction is weak in cancerous areas because glycogen has already been consumed by the cancer cells This technique clarifies cancerous and normal areas
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