Abstract
5G mmWave broadcasting is considered to be the main method of future broadcasting. However, the mmWave transmission has a large space loss, especially in tunnels. In order to compensate for the attenuation of the broadcast signal, a directional horn antenna is designed in this paper. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, dual-element arrays and extension structures are used to improve the antenna structure and achieve good directional characteristics. The multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used to optimize the antenna parameters and improve optimization efficiency. Ultimately, the whole antenna was 28.2 mm in length and 28.6 mm in width, and the FR4 material, with a relative permittivity of 4.4, was used as a dielectric plate. The maximum gain of the antenna is 8.06 dB, and the bandwidth with gain greater than 6.5 dB is nearly 2 GHz. Antenna performance simulation and test results show that the extended semicircular structure is beneficial in enhancing the directional radiation of the antenna. This provides a reference method for directional antennas applied to 5G millimeter wave bands to increase gain and narrow beams.
Highlights
With the commercial deployment of fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, broadcasting services have become diversified [1,2,3]
This study shows that the proposed millimeter wave (mmWave) directional antenna can meet the expectations of 5G broadcasting services
The parameters of the simple Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna were optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA)
Summary
With the commercial deployment of fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, broadcasting services have become diversified [1,2,3]. The 5G broadcasting services will develop in the direction of 4 K/8 K ultra-high-definition (Ultra HD), smooth video, and immersive virtual reality (VR) [5,6,7]. The greater the degree of curvature of the tunnel, the greater the delay spread and the lower the received power [14] To solve this problem, the method of adopting mmWave directional antennas for 5G broadcasting in tunnels has been proposed. The array form of SIW horn antennas is proposed to increase the gain and narrow beam, which expands the coverage distance of 5G broadcast signals.
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