Abstract
The oil and gas industry requires accurate sensors to control fluid flow in pipelines during the production process from horizontal and near horizontal wells. The extracted crude oil is usually a multiphase mixture of oil, water, and gas, and the accurate measurement of the ratio of each multiphase within the pipeline is an important parameter to manage wells efficiently by maximizing the hydrocarbons that can be extracted. Various methods have been developed for determining the phase ratio including mechanical, optical, X-ray or gamma ray, ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and rarely microwave techniques. However, these methods do not permit the knowledge of the real-time evolution of the phase ratio and are less precise. Here, we propose and develop by simulation two microwave systems, in horizontal and vertical polarizations, to choose the optimal configuration for crude pipeline imaging applications. First, the pipeline containing crude oil was modeled and its thermal and dielectric properties are proposed. Then, the antennas array performances were optimized and assembled to the pipeline. Different numbers of antenna elements were successfully investigated using CST simulation in both vertical and horizontal polarizations to find the optimal number of antenna elements for the pipeline applications.
Highlights
Multiphase and three-phase flow are the main components while drilling oil. e exact proportion of multiphase flow components is a challenging problem to solve due to the differences in geological conditions, such as temperature, pressure, flow dynamics, and salinity
Some techniques based on gamma ray [1, 2] and X-ray [3] were used; these techniques require long measurement time and are based on ionizing radiations. e reduction of measurement time requires intense sources, which increases the cost and causes safety concerns [4]
The measured parameters depend highly on the dielectric properties of the three phases, their fractions, the flow regime, and the operating frequency [6]. is high dependence on many parameters leads to large errors in measurements
Summary
Multiphase and three-phase flow (oil, water, and gas) are the main components while drilling oil. e exact proportion of multiphase flow components is a challenging problem to solve due to the differences in geological conditions, such as temperature, pressure, flow dynamics, and salinity. The measured parameters (resistance and capacitance) depend highly on the dielectric properties (permittivity and conductivity) of the three phases (oil, water, and gas), their fractions, the flow regime, and the operating frequency [6].
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