Abstract
In this article, the design of an efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) system using antenna-based topology for the applications in wearable devices is presented. To implement the wearable WPT system, a simple circular patch antenna is initially designed on a flexible felt substrate by placing over a three-layer human tissue model to utilize as a receiving element. Meanwhile, a high gain circular patch antenna is also designed in the air environment to use as a transmitter for designing the wearable WPT link. The proposed WPT system is built to operate at the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band of 2.40–2.48 GHz. In addition, to improve the power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the system, a metamaterial (MTM) slab built with an array combination of 3 × 3 unit cells has been employed. Further, the performance analysis of the MTM integrated system is performed on the different portions of the human body like hand, head and torso model to present the versatile applicability of the system. Moreover, analysis of the specific absorption rate (SAR) has been performed in different wearable scenarios to show the effect on the human body under the standard recommended limits. Regarding the practical application issues, the performance stability analysis of the proposed system due to the misalignment and flexibility of the Rx antenna is executed. Finally, the prototypes are fabricated and experimental validation is performed on several realistic wearable platforms like three-layer pork tissue slab, human hand, head and body. The simulated and measured result confirms that by using the MTM slab, a significant amount of the PTE improvement is obtained from the proposed system.
Highlights
In the past few decades, a remarkable advancement in the biomedical field brings a radical change in the health monitoring and treatment of patients
This study aims to address the knowledge gap by designing an antenna topologybased wireless power transfer (WPT) system for wearable devices
The simplest configuration of the Tx and Rx antennas are employed to construct the wearable WPT link, which would be suitable for practical applications
Summary
In the past few decades, a remarkable advancement in the biomedical field brings a radical change in the health monitoring and treatment of patients. Wearable devices such as body sensors and smart electronic devices are widely used to observe the critical health conditions of patients [1,2,3]. These devices are used to construct a wireless body sensor network (WBSN), which enables constant monitoring and acquisition of physiological data like body temperature, blood pressure, glucose level and electrocardiogram (ECG), etc., of the patients and transfer these vital information’s to the connected healthcare system [4]. To power the wearable devices, a high demand exists for designing a simple, compact and efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) system that reduced the dependency on battery capacity and eliminates the wire connections around the body
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